Author responsibilities
- Submit original work and cite sources accurately.
- Do not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time.
- Report methods, results, limitations, and uncertainty honestly.
- Retain underlying records and provide supporting information when reasonably requested, subject to ethics, consent, and legal restrictions.
- Correct significant errors promptly, whether identified before or after publication.
Authorship and contributorship
Authorship should be limited to individuals who made substantial scholarly contributions, participated in drafting or critically revising the work, approved the final version, and accept accountability for the work. Contributors who do not meet all authorship criteria should be acknowledged with their permission.
Requests to change the author list must be explained in writing and supported by agreement from all affected authors. The journal may request institutional clarification where a dispute cannot be resolved.
Research involving people or animals
Authors must state whether approval, exemption, and informed consent were required and obtained. Research must comply with applicable ethical, institutional, and legal requirements. Editors may request approval documents or additional explanation and may reject work when participant welfare, consent, or ethical oversight is inadequate.
Unacceptable practices
Fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, duplicate publication, inappropriate image or data manipulation, citation manipulation, undisclosed conflicts, authorship abuse, and interference with peer review are prohibited. Concerns may lead to requests for evidence, suspension of review, rejection, correction, retraction, or communication with relevant institutions.
Editorial and reviewer conduct
Editors and reviewers must act impartially, preserve confidentiality, disclose conflicts, and avoid using unpublished information for personal benefit. Editorial decisions must be based on the manuscript's scholarly qualities and compliance with journal policy.